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RA 6725
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86 Terms
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RA 6725
No one shall be denied of employment opportunity on account of gender, age, ethnicity, creed, religion and civil status as prescribed in the labor code.
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Wage and Benefits
Every employer shall comply with the minimum wage as prescribed by the Regional Wage Board and shall grant all benefits to all employees such as maternity/paternity leave, sick and vacation leave, retirement, termination, other benefits provided by law and special benefits as follows:
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Special benefits of wage and benefits
Solo Parent Leave, Women employees undergone a surgical operation caused by gynelogical disorders, women victims of violence
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Issues on Gender Inequality
Unequal pay, unfavorable recruitment strategy, different opportunities, bias, sexual harassment
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Impact of Gender equality
Increase company’s performance, company will attract employees, contribute to economic growth of the country, role model for others and attract additional incentives
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Section 7 Labor and Employment
Programs and services concerning labor and employment shall be implemented by the Provincial government
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Orientation on Sexual Harassment
All local offices, school, agencies and establishments or companies, government and private in Cavite Province shall conduct or sponsor orientation on sexual harassment to their respective personnel.
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Setting up of committee on decorum and investigation for anti-sexual harassment
This committee shall be set up in all local offices, agencies, establishments or companies to act on complaints related to sexual harassment. For this purpose, program and policy must be installed in every agency, office or establishment.
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Employment Assistance Program
The provincial government through the provincial public employment and service office, in cooperation with the Department of Labor and Employment, shall endeavor to assist indigent students, the unemployed and the underemployed in securing gainful employment.
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Church as social institution
Within religious institutions, people learn about correct values, the right way to live and how they fit into the society. It comfort to people in times of distress and hope when life presents its inevitable challenges.
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Genesis 1:26-28
Historical recognition of women as fully-fledged human beings came from the biblical doctrine of the Imago Dei. This verse affirms the intrinsic dignity of all people regardless of gender or social status.
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Gender Role perspectives in the church
Some of the church’s historical teaching, particularly around sex and gender roles, has been significant in enhancing the status of women.
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Genesis 2:18, 23
‘‘Woman’’ shares the same substance and nature as ‘man’ and is equal to and distinct from him. Through the creation account and the wisdom and prophetic literature in the bible, women are highly valued representatives of life, wisdom, sustenance and strength.
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First century roman world
Women were seen as property of men - ideally subservient daughters and wives, and certainly not suited for public life. In this context, Jesus interations with women showed respect and value that was radically counter-cultural.
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Complementarianism
stresses that although men and women are equal in personhood, they are created for different roles.
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Egalitarianism
Agrees that men and women are equal. In personhood but holds that there no gender-based limitations on the roles of men and women.
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Gender-based Egalitarian position in the church
This position is explicit in the scriptures where God created male and female as equal in all aspect. Gen 1:26-27 makes no distinction between woman and man insofar as both are equally made in his image and both are given the responsibility to rule over his creation.
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Biblical support for complementarianism
The case goes back to the Garden of Eden, where God says of Adam, it is not good for the man to be alone. I will make a helper suitable for him.
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Biblical support for complementarianism in matters relating to marriage
Wives submit yourselves to your own husbands as you do to the lord, for the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, his body of which he is the savior.
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In the realm of church leadrship
Paul instructs Timothy in 1 Timothy 2:11-13 ‘‘ A women should learn in quietness and full submission. I do not permit a women to teach or to assume authority over a man; she must be quiet. For Adam was formed first, then Eve.
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Church Role in Promoting Gender Equality
The church has the duty to contribute to the recognition and liberation of women. Giving women opportunities to make their voice head and express their talents through initiatives which reinforce their worth, their self-esteem, and their uniqueness would enable them to occupy a place in society equal to that of men…
This challenges all members to preach the Gospel that leads people to recognize and accept God’s value, irrespective of sex, religion and culture. If people can understand this value, then their actions will also value the lives of others.
This means that the church members should promote with other individuals to address existing Gender inequality concerns and initiate interventions to address this concern.
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Pope Benedict XVI 2011
[who said this statement about church role in promoting gender equality] ‘‘Bishops should encourage and promote the formation of women so that they may assume their proper share of responsibility and participation in the community life of society and of the church.
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Gender Based inequality in the church
Admitting the complexity of the issues, some religious norms and traditions can contribute to the formation of gender inequalities and to subordinate the role of women in society
This can be defined as culturally and socially created differences between men and women when both sexes do not have the same share in the decision making in the church.
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Gender bias in churches and Christian organizations
Women are expected to serve in the nurturing roles of Children’s ministry; rarely do we see or expect men to volunteer in children’s ministry
Women are often expected to take on the scribe or administrative roles on church task forces and committees, but men are rarely asked to do the same.
Women are absent as speakers at church and national conferences, or are present only as psalmists or singers.
Women who do the same work as men are given different titles. Women are also often paid less or nothing compared to men in compared to men in comparable roles or capacities.
Sermon illustrations position women as temptresses or victims and rarely as agents. Most churches spend far more time highlighting the men of the bible as sources of wisdom and instruction.
Women aren’t expected to lead even when they feel called. As one prominent radio minister put it, ‘‘God only calls women into leadership when men are not in their rightful places..’’
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The roman catholic church does not allow women priests.
This is based on the belief that all priests are successors of Jesus’ apostles and as he only appointed men, this role is not open to women.
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Protestant Churches accept equality of both sexes
They have had women priests for a longtime (for example, baptists, methodist)
This acceptance is based on the bible, which states that male and female were both created in God’s image. They cite too Jesus own treatment of women - that of dignity and respect.
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Family
is the basic social group that is united by consanguinity or affinity. One that generally lives together and participates in economic cooperation. Provides security, socialization, and companionship.
Aids in the reproduction and preservation of the human race. It is the most universal social institution.
Relatively permanent group of persons linked together in social roles by ties of blood, marriage or adoption that live together and cooperate economically and in the rearing of children. (Brinkeroff, 2005)
Plays important role in agent socialization and has a special responsbility
Most influential group in the life of the child.
Conformity and Obedience are more outlined and highlighted with the end in view of preparing a child to meet his future with proper tools to use.
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Functions of Family
Reproduction, security, socialization, assignment of status, emotional support
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Marriage
is an important institutional element of the Family. Through this, family’s continuity is ensured. This being a cultural mechanisms and institutional practice inevitably relates to social functions and entails legal implications.
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Wedding
Formally unites the marriage partners.
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Marital relationship
usually involves some kind of contract either written or specified by tradition, which defines partners right’s and obligations to each other to any children they may have and to their relatives. In most contemporary industrialized societies, marriage is certified by the government.
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Why people marry?
Love, Economic, Parent’s wishes, Escape from loneliness, Financial security, Protection, Adventure, Sexual Attraction
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Monogamy
Form of relationship where an individual has only one partner during their lifetime or at any one time.
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Polygamy
form of relationship in which an individual has multiple partners simultaneously.
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Polyandry
form of polygamy where on woman is married to multiple men simultaneously.
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Fraternal Polyandry
Woman marries two or more brothers. Practice in certain himalayan regions such nepal and india and tibet.
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Partible Fraternity
refers to the practice where siblings, usually brothers, inherit property equally from their parents.
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Successional polyandry
Where a woman marries multiple men over time rather than simultaneously.
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Associated Polyandry
a woman is married to multiple men who are not necessarily related to each other. This type of polyandry differs from fraternal polyandry (where the men are usually brothers) and successional polyandry (where a woman marries different men sequentially).
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Polygyny
where one man is married to multiple women simultaneously. It is the most common and widely recognized form of polygamy.
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Endogamy Marriage
Inside the clan
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Exogamy
outside the clan
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Adoptive Marriage
relatively uncommon form of marriage that involves adopting someone into the family and then marrying them, often to fulfill social, economic, or cultural needs.
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Sororate Marriage
pe of marriage in which a widower marries his deceased wife's sister. This practice is often observed in cultures where familial alliances and the continuity of familial ties are highly valued.
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Levirate Marriage
cultural practice in which a widow marries the brother of her deceased husband. This type of marriage is intended to ensure the continuity of the deceased husband's family line and to provide social and economic support for the widow.
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Ghost Marriage
also known as spirit marriage, is a cultural practice in which a person marries someone who is deceased. This practice is found in various cultures and has distinct beliefs and purposes associated with it.
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Neolocal Residence
own - post-marital residence pattern where a newly married couple establishes their own independent household separate from the families of both spouses.
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Patrilocal residence
husband’s parents
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Matrilocal residence
wife’s parents
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Bilocal residence
wife to husband residence.
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Nuclear Family
conjugal family, is a basic family unit consisting of parents and their children, typically living together in the same household. This family structure is characterized by its relative simplicity compared to extended families, where multiple generations or other relatives might live together.
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Extended family
type of family unit that extends beyond the nuclear family by including grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, and other relatives, living either together or in close proximity.
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Family of orientation
refers to family wich an indivdual is born or adopted and grows up.
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Family of procreation
refers to the family unit that an individual forms through marriage or partnership and by having children.
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Joint family
, also known as an extended family or undivided family, is a traditional family structure where multiple generations of relatives live together in one household or in close proximity. This family arrangement is characterized by shared responsibilities, resources, and a strong sense of collective identity.
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Truncated family
typically refers to a family structure that is smaller or incomplete compared to traditional or expected norms. This can occur for various reasons, such as divorce, death, estrangement, or intentional choice to have a smaller family unit.
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Stem family
type of extended family structure where a core family unit extends vertically through multiple generations while maintaining a household or economic unit. Stem families typically consist of a couple (the patriarch and matriarch) and their eldest son, along with his spouse and children
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Patrilineal
male - descent is a system where ancestry, inheritance, and social identity are traced through the male line.
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Matrilineal
female - descent is a system where ancestry, inheritance, and social identity are traced through the female line.
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Household
refers to a group of people who live together under the same roof and share common living arrangements, resources, and domestic responsibilities.
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Cohabitation
refers to the living arrangement where unmarried individuals, often romantically involved, live together in a domestic partnership or a common-law marriage-like relationship.
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Adoption
refers to the legal process through which an individual or a couple assumes the parenting responsibilities of a child who is not biologically their own.
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Dual career family
refers to a household in which both partners, typically a married or cohabitating couple, pursue careers or professional occupations simultaneously.
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Kinship system
refers to the social structure and cultural framework that governs relationships and interactions among individuals based on familial ties, descent, and kinship roles within a society.
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Bilateral Kinship system
is a type of kinship structure where descent and family ties are recognized and traced through both the mother's and father's sides of the family equally. In other words, individuals in a bilateral kinship system consider relatives from both their mother's and father's families as equally important and relevant to their social identity and familial connections.
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Unilineal kinship system
is a type of kinship structure where descent and inheritance are traced through only one line of ancestors.
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Kinship system
complex social structure that governs relationships, roles, and obligations based on familial ties within a society. It encompasses rules, norms, practices, and terminology that define and organize familial relationship
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Parallel Cousin
-mother’s sister’s child
-father’s brothers child
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Cross cousin
-father’s sister’s child
-mother’s brother’s child
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Patriarchal
refers to a social system or organization where men hold primary power and authority, typically in roles of leadership and decision-making, while women and other marginalized groups have subordinate roles.
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Matriarchal
refers to a social system or organization where women hold primary power, authority, and leadership roles in a family, clan, community, or society.
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Egalitarian
refers to a belief in or advocacy for equality and fairness among all individuals, regardless of their social status, wealth, gender, ethnicity, or other characteristics.
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Spouse Abuse
also known as domestic abuse or intimate partner violence (IPV), refers to any pattern of behavior used by one partner in a relationship to gain power and control over the other partner. It involves various forms of physical, emotional, psychological, sexual, or financial mistreatment that can have serious and long-lasting effects on the victim's physical and mental well-being.
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Child Abuse
refers to any act or failure to act by a parent, caregiver, or other adult that results in harm, potential harm, or threat of harm to a child. It can manifest in various forms, including physical abuse, emotional or psychological abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect.
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"Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004".
Republic Act 9262
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Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act
Republic Act 7610
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Mass media
Technology that is intended to reach a mass audience. It is the primary means of communication used to reach the vast majority of the general public. The most common platforms for mass media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and the Internet
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Towards a Gender Fair MEdia
Launched by the General Equality Committee (GEC) Media
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Code of Ethics for Media
This serves as a guide on the issue of media’s self-regulation which media organizations can use in reviewing existing policies and Code of Ethics.
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Guidelines to Protect Women from Discrimination in Media and Film
This guidelines enumerated in this book seek to protect women against discrimination in media portrayal as well as the rights of women workers in media.
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Gender Equality Guide
This book serves as a guide on gender equality in all aspects of management, training, production, information dissemination, communication and programming through the use of mass media.
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Magna Carta of Women
Republic Act 9710 - urges self-regulatory bodies, groups, and associations for media, television, cable, film and advertising shall also ensure compliance with the Act and these rules and regulations.
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Common Gender Stereotypes in Media for Women
Praise women who are thin and fashionable, and put down those who have other body shapes and styles
• Treat women and girls as sexual objects (magazines, billboards, newspapers, etc.)
• Portray women's key role in life as the caretaker or homemaker (in some TV advertisem*nts)
• Show women as dramatic, resilient, and over-emotional (movies, telenovelas, etc.)
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Common Gender Stereotypes in Media for Men
Typically men are portrayed as active, adventurous, powerful, sexually aggressive and largely involved in human activities.
• Idealize a buff and muscled body shape •
Stigmatize boys who show emotion instead of boldness
Depict boys who act recklessly, even at the expense of others, as cool
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Media as Social institution
• Mass media had become the most influential force that connects people to other people.
• Every sector of life is touched and influenced by the power of mass media. People relate to what they see or hear.
• Mass media entice people to certain social beliefs by persuasion and selectively appropriating their messages.
Because people spend more time with mass media, they are easily shaped by whatever they are exposed to
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